2022英语周报16期八年级上,我们目前整理分享关于2022英语周报16期八年级上及其参考答案,2如需答案 请关注微信公众号：考不凡/直接访问www.kaobufan.com(考不凡)
1、2022英语周报16期八年级上
2、2023英语周报新目标八下1期
3、英语听力高中英语周报2022-2023
1．Many football fans attached great importance to the two matches，because China needed to beat Iran to ensure ______for the Asian Cup semi-finals．（ ）
| A． | outcome | B． | qualification | C． | conservation | D． | commitment |
试题答案
分析 很多足球迷都非常重视这两场比赛，因为中国需要打败伊朗以确保进入亚洲杯半决赛的资格．
解答 答案是B．本题考查名词词义辨析．outcome结果；qualification资格；conservation保护；保存； commitment致力；承诺；根据句意，打败伊朗以确保"进入半决赛的资格"，所以答案选择B．
点评 辨析名词要在识记常见名词及其搭配的基础上理解语境，根据具体语境推断合理的答案．
For some years the big drugmakers have been worrying about an approaching "patent cliff"—a fall in sales as the patents on their most popular pills expire or are struck down by legal challenges, with few new potential blockbusters to take their place. This week the patent on the best-selling drug in history expired—Lipitor, an anti-cholesterol pill which earned Pfizer nearly $11 billion in revenues last year.In all, pill like Lipitor with a combined $170 billion in annual sales will go off-patent by the end of 2015.
What is supposed to happen now is that lots of copycat firms rush in with "generic" (ie, chemically identical) versions of Lipitor at perhaps one-fifth of its price.Patients and health-care payers should reap the benefit.Pfizer's revenues should suffer. The same story will be repeated many times, as other best-selling drugs march over the patent cliff
But generics makers may face delays getting their cheaper versions to market.Ranbaxy, a Japanese-owned drugmaker, struggled to get regulators' approval for its generic version of Lipitor, and only won it on the day the patent expired.More importantly, research-based drug firms are using a variety of tactics to make the patent cliff slope more gently. Jon Leibowitz, chairman of America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC), is concerned by drugmakers filing additional patents on their products to put off the day when their protection expires.
Another tactic(策略) is "pay-for-delay", in which a drugmaker facing a legal challenge to its patent pays its would-be competitor to put off introducing its cheaper copy. In the year to October the FTC identified what it believes to be 28 such settlements. American and European regulators are looking into these deals. However, legal challenges against them have been delayed, and a bill to ban them is stuck in Congress.
To encourage generics makers to challenge patents on drugs, and introduce cheaper copies,
an American law passed in 1984 says that the first one to do so will get a 180-day exclusivity period,in which no other generics maker can sell versions of the drug in question, as Ranbaxy supposedly won with Lipitor.
However, Pfizer is exploiting a loophole(空子) in the 1984 law, which lets it appoint a second, authorised copycat—in this case, Watson, another American firm.According to BernsteinResearch, under the deal between the two drugmakers Pfizer will receive about 70% of Watson's revenues from its approved copy of Lipitor.More unusual, Pfizer has cut the price of its original version, and will keep marketing it vigorously. So Ranbaxy faces not one, but two competitors.
All this may raise Pfizer's sales by nearly $500m in the last half of 2015 compared with what they would otherwise have been, says Tim Anderson of BernsteinResearch, with revenues then falling after the 180 days are over. Others fear that Pfizer's tactics , if copied, will make the 180-day exclusivity period worth far less, and thus discourage generic firms from challenging patents in the first place.
1.The underlined word “blockbusters” in Paragraph 1 refers to “_______’
A. pills that sell very well
B. new patents to appear
C. drugmakers to compete with Pfizer
D. challenges which Pfizer has to face
2.What is the tactic mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A. Legal challenges against expired patents have been paid for putting off the cheaper copy.
B. Bills to prohibit generic makers have been stuck in Congress.
C. Drugmakers try to spend money delaying filing additional patents on popular pills
D. Patent-holders give possible competitors money to prevent more losses.
3.Pfizer exploit a loophole in the 1984 law mainly by ________.
A.marketing Lipitor more actively
B. making the price of Lipitor go up
C. cooperating with Watson to beat Ranbaxy
D. encouraging Watson to produce cheaper copies
4. How many tactics are adopted by patent-holders in the passage?
A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five
5.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Drugmakers’ struggle
B. Generic makers’ dilemma
C. Laws concerning patent protection
D. Popular pills of Pfizer
