山西省2024年初中学业水平调研考试数学.考卷答案

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山西省2024年初中学业水平调研考试数学.考卷答案试卷答案

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M:Thankyou.I'mverypleasedtobehere.W:Didyoualwayswanttobeanastronaut?M:Notexactly.Myfatherlikesreadingsciencemagazines.WhenIwasyoung,heusedtotakemetoairshows,whichIreallyloved.Ithinkmyinterestinflyingcamefromthat.W:Didyoudoanyotherjobs?M:Istudiedengineeringatcollege,thenIworkedasapilotformanyyears.Itraveledallovertheworld.Ilovedmyjob,butasIgotolder,Iwantedanewchallenge.That'swhenIdecidedtobecomeanastronaut.(Text8)W:Myguesttodayisabouttomakeaspecialtrip.He'llbespendingtendaysonaspacestationasitorbitstheEarth.Grant,welcome.M:Hi.W:Whatareyoumostlookingforwardtoabouttheflight?M:It'skindofhardtosay.ButIguesstheansweristhelaunch.ThefirstexperienceofweightlessnessandseeingtheEarthfromoutsidetheatmospherearegoingtobegreattoo.W:Don'tyoufeelscaredatall?M:IwouldbelyingifIsaidthatI'mnotscaredatall.ButI'vedonemonthsoftrainingwithrealastronautssoIhopeI'muptothechallenge.W:Andwasthetrainingdifficult?M:Yes,especiallythesurvivaltraining.Itwasphysicallychallengingwhenwehadtoprepareforanunexpectedlandingintheseaorinanextremewinterclimate.Muchworsethanthetrainingforweightlessness,althoughthatwasprettytoughtoo.(Text9)W:Hi,Albert.Iknowyouspentseveralmonthslivingontheinternationalspacestationrecently.Whatdoyouthinkwasthemostdifficultpartofyourtrip?M:Actually,nothingwasreallydifficultbecausewedidlotsoftraining.Iknewwe'dbelivinginasmallarea,veryclosetoeachother,andeverybodykneweverythingaboutyou,sothatwasn'taproblem.IsupposesometimesIgotabittiredofhavingtospendtwohoursworkingouteveryday,butthat'sjustsomethingyou'vegottodo.W:Tostopyourmusclesandbonesfromgettingtooweak?M:That'sright.Andyouhavetobecarefulaboutwhatyoueat.Weallchoseourownfoodbeforegoinguptothespacestation,soeachofushadapersonalsupply.Therewasasurprisinglywiderangeoffoodthatyoucouldhaveupthere.Anditdidn'ttakeallthatlongtogetamealready,whichwasgood.W:Didyoueverfeellonelywhenyouwereupthere?M:Lonely?Notatall.Therewerethreeofusplusthehugeteamdownontheground.Wecouldturntothematanytime.(Text10)(M)WelcometotheScienceShow.I'myourhost,David.It'safullmoontonight,soit'sagoodtimetotalkaboutthemoon.Todaywe'regoingtotalkaboutthemoon'sinfluenceonthebehavior-2

山西省2024年初中学业水平调研考试数学.考卷答案

15.(16分)如图所示,光滑轨道abed固定在竖直平面内,ab部分水平,bed为半径R=3.2m的R=3.2m半圆轨道,在b处与ab相切。在直轨道ab上放着质量分别为;mA=2kg、mB=0.5kg的物块A、B(均可视为质点),用轻质细绳将A、B连接在一起,且A、B间夹着一根被压缩的轻质弹簧(未被拴接)。直轨道ab左侧的光滑水平地面上停着质量M=3kg的小车,小车上表面与ab等高。现将细绳剪断,之后A向左滑上小车且恰好没有从小车上掉下,B向右滑动且刚好能到达半圆轨道上与圆心等高的c点。物块A与小车之间的动摩擦因数1=0.15,重力加速度大小g=10m/s,g=10m/s^2。(1)当物块B运动到圆弧轨道的最低点b时,求轨道对物块B的弹力大小.FN;(2)求剪断细绳之前弹簧的弹性势能E,;Ep;(3)求小车的长度L。